Polymorphic viruses are those
viruses which insert dummy code and use encoding in order to avoid detection. A
computer virus happens to be a piece of code which can reproduce itself in a
number of ways like attaching itself to files in a system. Apart from
reproduction, it can happen in a number of ways, as it has a payload in form of
a malicious code. The more the virus can avoid detection, the more successful
it is for cyber criminal. Polymorphism is a concealing strategy which cyber
criminals apply in order to make detection more difficult.
Most of the top antivirus softwares available
in the market combine heuristics which is behavior based on virus detection and
come with signature files which have fingerprints of known viruses. These
fingerprints are strings of code feature of a particular virus or virus family.
In order to make virus analysis as well as diagnosis more difficult, cyber
criminals insert a random code or encode their viruses for concealment.
Employing a different encryption scheme or inserting a dummy code for
concealment leads to the creation of a different type of virus and fingerprint
which is known as polymorphic virus.
Inserting a dummy code in an unencoded virus
cannot be concealed and usually it doesn’t take much time for the antivirus
software dealer to update his signature database with fingerprint of an encoded
virus. Therefore cyber criminals change the virus form by encoding the same virus
with different encoding algorithms. These algorithms produce polymorphic
viruses. For any virus code there can be a number of polymorphic viruses having
the same code but differently encoded executable. So polymorphism makes
diagnosis more difficult because of the number of encoding keys used by cyber
criminals.
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